Flashcard-Based Menu Education to Improve Dietary Management in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33755/jkk.v12i4.1053Keywords:
Diabetes self-management, Dietary education, Flashcards, Non-randomized study, Type 2 diabetes mellitusAbstract
Background: Dietary self-management is an essential component of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) care. Visual menu education may make recommended food choices and meal schedules more understandable, but evidence on brief flashcard programs in Indonesian primary care remains limited.
Objective: To compare short-term dietary self-management scores in patients who received flashcard-based menu education and those who continued usual care.
Methods: A non-randomized two-group pretest–posttest study enrolled 40 patients (20 per group) at a community health center in Banda Aceh. The intervention group received a seven-day flashcard menu education program. Dietary self-management was measured using a shortened 16-item adaptation of the Self-Management Dietary Behavior Questionnaire (SMDBQ). The main reported between-group analysis used the Mann–Whitney U test.
Results: Mean scores increased from 35.80 to 49.05 in the intervention group and changed from 36.50 to 36.05 in controls. At posttest, scores differed between groups (U = 3.00, Z = −5.35, p < 0.001). The unadjusted contrast may reflect baseline differences or other confounding as well as the educational program.
Conclusion: Flashcard-based menu education was associated with higher dietary self-management scores after seven days. The non-randomized design, limited sample, and absence of reported validity testing for the adapted instrument restrict causal inference and generalizability.
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